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Home / Scenarios
Five crashes, every protocol

Five scenarios.

Each one is named after a vehicle crash test and simulates one way a protocol can lose depositors' money. All run on a mainnet fork.

5Scenarios3Possible results0Test transactions on mainnet
01
Depositor Protection

Frontal Drain

The head-on crash. Something drives straight at the vault and tries to get through the front.

Setup. Run the common attack classes against the contracts: reentrancy, rounding and precision, access control, flash loans, and donation attacks.

HELDNo user funds lost
DEGRADEDLoss under 0.5% of TVL, or the attack needs unrealistic capital
FAILEDLoss of 0.5% of TVL or more
VLTIncludes failure of downstream strategies
BRGIncludes forged messages
02ONE KEY LEAKED
Depositor Protection

Pole Test

The narrow impact. All the force lands on one small point: a single key.

Setup. Assume one privileged key (admin, owner, or one signer) is leaked or misused.

HELDCannot move funds or change critical parameters without a timelock of 48 hours or more and other signers
DEGRADEDCan change parameters with a timelock under 48 hours
FAILEDCan move funds or upgrade instantly
VLTIncludes the strategist key
BRGA validator or relayer set compromised below its threshold
03±30%
Market Stress

Side Impact

The hit from an angle nobody watches. The price feed is pushed sideways.

Setup. Move the oracle price by 30% in either direction for one block, or through a flash loan on the source pool.

HELDNo bad debt and no wrongful liquidations
DEGRADEDBad debt under 1% of TVL
FAILEDBad debt of 1% of TVL or more
LNDUses the largest collateral by TVL
DEXMeasured as LP loss from the manipulation
041.000.80
Market Stress

Rollover

The car tips over. One asset loses its footing and drags the rest with it.

Setup. The main collateral or stablecoin depegs to 0.80 for six hours.

HELDBad debt under 0.5% of TVL, liquidations keep running
DEGRADEDBad debt of 0.5 to 3% of TVL
FAILEDBad debt of 3% of TVL or more, or the pause mechanism fails
LNDUses the largest collateral by TVL
0530% OF TVL · 24 HOURS
Exit & Liquidity

Rear Impact

Hit from behind by everyone at once: the run for the exit.

Setup. 30% of TVL is withdrawn within 24 hours by many addresses.

HELDAll withdrawals processed, slippage under 1%
DEGRADEDA queue of up to 72 hours, or slippage of 1 to 5%
FAILEDWithdrawals blocked for over 72 hours, or slippage over 5%
DEXLPs withdraw 30% of liquidity
BRGMass withdrawals on the destination side